{"id":70330,"date":"2024-05-22T10:17:52","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T17:17:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/penderfund.com\/?p=70330"},"modified":"2025-09-12T11:38:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T18:38:28","slug":"risk-tolerance-is-emotional-and-cant-be-measured-easily","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/penderfund.com\/fr\/articles\/risk-tolerance-is-emotional-and-cant-be-measured-easily\/","title":{"rendered":"Quels sont les risques les plus courants auxquels l\u2019investisseur est expos\u00e9 \u2014 et comment peut-on mieux les g\u00e9rer?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Publi\u00e9 le 16 mai 2024 dans le Globe & Mail (en anglais)<\/strong>\u00a016, 2024 (for subscribers only)<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

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Dans le milieu professionnel, le risque d\u2019investissement est d\u00e9fini par des termes techniques en lien avec les math\u00e9matiques, tels qu\u2019\u00e9cart-type, ratio de Sharpe, coefficient b\u00eata, R2, etc. Ce sont l\u00e0 des outils utiles. De plus, chaque classe d\u2019actifs vient avec son propre lot d\u2019al\u00e9as. Par exemple, ceux qui ach\u00e8tent des actions doivent comprendre la \u00ab\u2009trinit\u00e9 du risque\u2009\u00bb \u2014 activit\u00e9 commerciale, valorisation, bilan \u2014 de l\u2019entreprise en question. S\u2019ajoutent \u00e0 cela les emb\u00fbches associ\u00e9es au secteur, \u00e0 la g\u00e9ographie, \u00e0 la capitalisation boursi\u00e8re, etc. Aussi, les placements dans des titres \u00e0 revenu fixe sont vuln\u00e9rables aux taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et au d\u00e9faut de paiement entre autres. Tous ces risques sont dits analytiques et tous sont importants. Toutefois, comme le faisait remarquer Benjamin Graham, le p\u00e8re de l\u2019analyse et de la quantification des valeurs mobili\u00e8res :\u00a0<\/span>\u00ab\u2009Le principal probl\u00e8me de l\u2019investisseur, voire son pire ennemi, n\u2019est autre que lui-m\u00eame.\u2009\u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Ce ne sont pas tant les erreurs d\u2019analyse et les risques qui font d\u00e9railler les investisseurs. Habituellement, ce sont des consid\u00e9rations psychologiques qui prennent le dessus.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pour la plupart des investisseurs, le risque est d\u2019abord et avant tout une exp\u00e9rience \u00e9motive qui ne se mesure ni ne s\u2019analyse facilement \u2014 mais qui n\u2019en demeure pas moins des plus r\u00e9elles. Les questionnaires servant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir l\u2019importance du risque financier qu\u2019un individu accepte de courir \u2014 sa tol\u00e9rance \u2014 et quels types d\u2019investissement lui conviennent peuvent donner des r\u00e9sultats erron\u00e9s. Il est plus facile de composer avec le hasard quand le march\u00e9 est calme ou en hausse. C\u2019est uniquement en p\u00e9riodes de totale ins\u00e9curit\u00e9, comme lors de la pand\u00e9mie de COVID de 2020 ou la Crise financi\u00e8re mondiale de 2009, que l\u2019investisseur d\u00e9couvrira sa \u00ab\u2009vraie\u2009\u00bb tol\u00e9rance au risque.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ce genre d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements exceptionnels peut donner lieu \u00e0 des ventes motiv\u00e9es par la panique. Si cela entra\u00eene des pertes en capital et interrompt le cycle de composition, alors la menace devient majeure. Trop souvent, les investisseurs vendent quand le march\u00e9 tombe et plusieurs ne savent plus quand y retourner. Il est certes facile d\u2019investir en ligne et de faire des transactions en quelques clics sur son portable, mais c\u2019est \u00e9galement plus difficile alors de ne pas agir sous le coup de l\u2019\u00e9motion. Selon une \u00e9tude, les gens consultent leur t\u00e9l\u00e9phone\u00a0<\/span>144 fois<\/span><\/a>\u00a0par jour, et environ la\u00a0<\/span>moiti\u00e9 des investisseurs<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00e9rifient la performance de leurs placements au moins une fois par jour. Ce comportement compulsif peut conduire \u00e0 ce qu\u2019on appelle \u00ab\u2009<\/span>l\u2019aversion myope aux pertes\u2009<\/span><\/a>\u00bb, une tendance marqu\u00e9e \u00e0 accorder plus d\u2019importance aux pertes qu\u2019aux gains qui pousse l\u2019investisseur \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions mal avis\u00e9es ayant des cons\u00e9quences malheureuses \u00e0 long terme. Rester dans la course m\u00eame quand les conditions du march\u00e9 nous indisposent est une habitude qu\u2019il convient de d\u00e9velopper.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, il arrive aussi qu\u2019on ach\u00e8te sous le coup de la panique. Quand le march\u00e9, ou un actif, monte rapidement, certains investisseurs craignent de laisser passer une bonne affaire. Ils plongent t\u00eate premi\u00e8re, peu importe le prix, sans r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux risques sous-jacents. Nous sommes port\u00e9s \u00e0 suivre les tendances. Quand le march\u00e9 baisse, les investisseurs s\u2019attendent \u00e0 ce que les prix continuent de se contracter, et quand le march\u00e9 monte, ils s\u2019attendent \u00e0 ce que les prix poursuivent sur leur lanc\u00e9e haussi\u00e8re. Voil\u00e0 le contexte dans lequel nous prenons des d\u00e9cisions.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est difficile de faire fi de notre programmation de base. Nos anc\u00eatres ont aiguis\u00e9 leur instinct de survie pendant des mill\u00e9naires. \u00catre capable de r\u00e9agir promptement aux menaces \u00e9tait souvent une question de vie ou de mort. Quand ils voyaient les autres membres de leur clan paniquer, c\u2019\u00e9tait pour eux un syst\u00e8me d\u2019alarme indiquant un danger imm\u00e9diat sans qu\u2019il soit n\u00e9cessaire pour chaque individu de percevoir lui-m\u00eame la menace. Ceux qui saisissaient le mieux ces signaux avaient plus de chances de survivre et de transmettre leurs g\u00e8nes. Nous avons h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de cet instinct. Mais de nos jours, sur le march\u00e9 boursier moderne, l\u2019instinct gr\u00e9gaire n\u2019est pas toujours indiqu\u00e9, surtout dans un contexte extr\u00eame o\u00f9 les prix ne correspondent pas \u00e0 la valeur intrins\u00e8que. Paniquer parce que les autres le font peut nous porter \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions impulsives, comme liquider des investissements quand le march\u00e9 p\u00e9riclite. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019un exemple fascinant de l\u2019\u00e9volution humaine : un attribut qui a autrefois assur\u00e9 la survie de nos anc\u00eatres peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer moins utile dans notre environnement si diff\u00e9rent.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Il est tentant de fonder ses choix en mati\u00e8re d\u2019investissement sur ce que disent les sp\u00e9cialistes ou les influenceurs, mais n\u2019oubliez pas qu\u2019il y a bien des fa\u00e7ons de faire de l\u2019argent. Ou d\u2019en perdre. Chacun de nous a ses propres objectifs et sa propre tol\u00e9rance aux risques r\u00e9els ou per\u00e7us. Les investisseurs doivent adopter une strat\u00e9gie qui convient \u00e0 leur temp\u00e9rament et qu\u2019ils peuvent respecter, peu importe les caprices \u00e9ph\u00e9m\u00e8res du march\u00e9. Il est facile de mesurer votre tol\u00e9rance au risque : optez pour des placements en phase avec vos priorit\u00e9s financi\u00e8res et qui ne vous emp\u00eachent pas de dormir sur les deux oreilles. Si vous perdez le sommeil, c\u2019est la preuve qu\u2019ils sont trop \u00ab\u2009risqu\u00e9s\u2009\u00bb pour vous.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Felix Narhi est chef des placements et gestionnaire de portefeuille chez Gestion de Capital PenderFund Lt\u00e9e \u00e0 Vancouver<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As seen in the Globe & Mail on May\u00a016, 2024 (for subscribers only) In the professional sphere, investment risk is defined in technical terms with mathematical ratios, such as standard deviation, Sharpe Ratio, Beta, R-Squared and so forth. These can be useful tools. In addition, each type of asset class has its own peculiar risks. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":70226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[111],"fund-type":[],"class_list":["post-70330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-the-globe-mail"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRisk tolerance is emotional and can\u2019t be measured easily - PenderFund Capital Management<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/penderfund.com\/fr\/articles\/risk-tolerance-is-emotional-and-cant-be-measured-easily\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_CA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Risk tolerance is emotional and can\u2019t be measured easily\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As seen in the Globe & Mail on May\u00a016, 2024 (for subscribers only) In the professional sphere, investment risk is defined in technical terms with mathematical ratios, such as standard deviation, Sharpe Ratio, Beta, R-Squared and so forth. 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